Europe’s Zinc and Lead Refiners Face Carbon Costs Outside CBAM Scope
Zinc and lead remain essential to Europe’s industrial base, although they receive less strategic attention than lithium and rare earth
CBAM Electricity
Europe’s Copper Security Depends on Refining Capacity as Well as New Mines
Europe’s copper security rests on more than opening new mines: it also depends on processing copper concentrate into refined metal.
Europe’s Copper Processors Face Carbon Costs as Imports Remain Outside CBAM
Copper supports Europe’s shift to cleaner energy by supplying electricity grids, renewable power generation, electric vehicle charging, data centres and
CBAM Makes Carbon Intensity a New Pricing Factor for European Primary Aluminium
Europe’s primary aluminium market is being shaped by a factor beyond metal grade, delivery location, regional premiums and freight: verified
EU CBAM Covers Aluminium Imports but Leaves Imported Alumina Outside Its Current Scope
The European Union’s Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) applies carbon-related requirements to covered imports of primary aluminium products, but imported
CBAM Covers Aluminium Metal but Excludes Bauxite and Alumina
The European Union’s Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) framework covers unwrought aluminium and a broad range of aluminium products, but
CBAM Raises the Carbon Stakes in Europe’s Steel Feedstock Market
Europe’s steel decarbonisation drive is intensifying competition for low-carbon steel feedstocks, including high-quality scrap, direct reduced iron (DRI) and iron
CBAM Exclusions Leave Four Strategic Ferroalloys Outside EU Carbon Rules
The EU’s carbon border mechanism, the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM), covers some ferroalloys but not others, leaving four strategically
CBAM Coverage Splits Ferronickel from Refined Nickel Imports
The EU’s Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) covers ferronickel within its iron-and-steel categories, but refined nickel under Chapter 75 remains
Weaker generation widens Southeast European power spreads and increases import needs
Southeast European electricity prices rose during 19–25 October despite a sharp fall in Germany, as lower wind and nuclear generation
Serbia leads Southeast Europe’s Monday power market as demand rebound lifts prices
Day-ahead power prices rose sharply across most of Southeast Europe on Monday, October 26, as weekday demand returned after the
CROPEX begins Slovenian day-ahead trading in regional expansion
Croatian electricity exchange CROPEX has started operating in Slovenia’s day-ahead market, extending its activity beyond its domestic bidding zone. Operations