Global energy commodities in mid-December: Brent oil, TTF gas and EU CO₂ futures show volatility
During the week of December 15, Brent crude oil futures for the Front Month on the ICE market experienced fluctuations, […]
oil
Region: JANAF and MOL explore major expansion of crude oil transport amid geopolitical shifts
Discussions between Croatia’s oil pipeline operator JANAF and Hungary’s MOL Group have entered a new phase following a closed-door meeting
Regulatory approaches to integrated energy systems in Serbia: From fragmentation to coherence
Serbia’s energy policy is increasingly torn between its traditional sector-based governance and a future that demands full integration. Historically, electricity,
Hungary: MOL expects Danube refinery restoration to extend into Q3 2026 after October fire
Restoration work at MOL’s flagship Danube refinery is now expected to continue into the third quarter of 2026, after which
Oil & gas in SEE: Integration, exposure and Serbia’s central position in a region that can no longer pretend fossil risks are “national”
Electricity in South-East Europe has already become a shared risk ecosystem. Oil and gas are not far behind — they
Fragmented rules, unified risk
Energy markets in Europe operate under a paradox. Physically and financially, they have become deeply integrated. Regulators, however, still govern
Hedging without isolated markets
Hedging strategies are built on assumptions. For much of Europe’s energy-market history, the central assumption was that risks could be
Regional oil flows and indirect impacts
Oil markets shape South-East Europe less through headline prices and more through the direction, reliability, and cost of physical flows.
When logistics and refineries overpower the exchange
Energy markets are often portrayed as arenas where prices are discovered on exchanges, driven by transparent bids and offers. In
Oil and refined products as a silent regulator
Oil rarely features in discussions about electricity market stability. It is often treated as a parallel energy universe, relevant to
Why stability in one market no longer guarantees system stability
For much of Europe’s modern energy history, stability was assessed locally. If electricity prices were calm, the power system was
Short-term disruptions, long-term consequences
Energy markets are often described as short-memory systems. Prices spike, conditions normalise, and attention moves on. This perception is increasingly